Understanding basic principles of flow calculations

Mar-2008

Valve size often is described by the nominal size of the end connections, but a more important measure is the flow that the valve can provide.

Managing fouling in refinery networks

Jul-2015

Modelling heat exchanger and other networks enables the use of dynamic fouling models in performance assessment and predictive studies

Spent sulphuric acid regeneration (SAR) process

May-2012

Several chemical processes utilise concentrated sulphuric acid as a catalyst or dehydrating agent, in which the acid becomes “spent”; ie, weakened ...

Processing high TAN crude: part I

Jan-2010

Huizhou, which is the first refinery for processing 100% high TAN crude, started up in 2009. This article describes the challenges of an opportunity crude ...

Hydrogen generation for modern refineries

Jan-2009

With increasing demand for diesel, more stringent product specifications for cleaner fuels, reduced fuel oil demand and the economic advantages in processing ...

Sour water strippers: design and operation

Apr-2013

Simpler, more cost-effective sour water stripper designs can outperform more generally accepted designs in the refining industry

Naphtha catalytic cracking for propylene production

Mar-2013

Investment in on-purpose propylene production technology based on naphtha-based feedstock is taking on various process configurations

Oil/water separation technologies

Apr-2013

Where stable emulsions cannot be removed mechanically, the application of demulsifiers, coagulants and flocculants accelerates the separation process

Catalytic reforming options and practices

Apr-2010

Design and practice in catalytic reforming is evolving to meet refinery challenges, including lower gasoline pool benzene content and increased demand ...

Methanol from CO2: a technology and outlook overview

Apr-2023

Optimal capture of CO2 towards methanol production compels development of sustainable renewable solutions like green methanol.

High-purity propylene from refinery LPG

Apr-2012

A case study and financial analysis show that investment opportunities for refiners exist with the expected future high price of propylene

Understanding centrifugal compressor performance

Apr-2002

In a connected process system, expensive changes to the compressor and driver can be avoided with system debottlenecking modifications

Gasifying coke to produce hydrogen in refineries

Jul-2012

Coke gasification to produce hydrogen for hydroprocessing is more capital intensive than steam methane reforming, but not so vulnerable to natural gas ...

RFCC units set new standard for propylene production

Oct-2012

RFCC units are being commissioned and operated to convert hydrotreated and straight-run resid to high levels of propylene

A novel approach to cleaning furnace coils

Jul-2013

A modified pigging operation aims to greatly reduce the time required for coke removal from furnace coils

Optimising sweep gas flow in a flare header

Oct-2012

How to calculate the minimum flow of flare header sweep gas needed to maintain safe conditions

Optimisation of product yield and coke formation in a RFCC unit

Apr-2010

Simulation studies of a commercial residue fluid catalytic cracking unit indicate the conditions for an optimum balance of product yield with low coke ...

Calculating column relief loads

Apr-2010

Conventional, steady-state and dynamic simulation techniques are compared in a study of relief loads for failure modes applied to a distillation colum ...

Coker naphtha hydrotreating

Jan-2008

Highly exothermic olefins saturation and silica contamination can occur when hydrotreating coker naphtha.

Metathesis for maximum propylene

Apr-2006

Using metathesis technology to process refinery-based C4 feedstocks can maximise propylene. The economic advantages of flow schemes using alpha-olefins ...

Centrifugal compressor operations

Jul-2004

The wet gas compressor is used as an example in this article reviewing compressor performance, operating conditions and basic control philosophy

Improving the distillation energy network

Oct-2013

Energy-efficient design applied to the refit of a distillation unit was achieved through optimisation between the distillation column and heat network ...

Removal of chloride compounds

Apr-2003

A review of the use of chloride guard beds to treat liquid phase and gas phase streams to prevent operational problems from hard-to-detect organic chlorides, ...

Improved hydrogen yield in catalytic reforming

Jan-2013

A process step that sends higher-boiling C6 hydrocarbons to light tops isomerisation delivers an increase in hydrogen production from naphtha catalytic ...

Controlling the dew point of natural gas

Jul-2015

Meeting water and hydrocarbon dew point specifications for natural gas without acid gas components

More petrochemicals with less capital spending

Sep-2020

Even in nations with exceptional dependence on transportation fuels like Brazil, better integration with petrochemicals production is essential for re ...

Energy management and sustainability of the downstream industry

Jun-2022

Energy management must feature in any strategy in the downstream industry for both environmental impact and economic competitiveness.

Delayed coking as a sustainable refinery solution

Jun-2021

Fuel grade coke is a serious environmental pollutant but the producer, the delayed coking process, can be a contributor to future sustainable development ...

The role of biofuels in the energy transition

Apr-2022

Overcoming the challenges of coprocessing renewables.

Profiting from the lubricants market

Apr-2023

Pursuing a profitable and more sustainable purpose for crude oil through the lubricants market requires examination of lubricants production via hydro ...

Closing the sustainability cycle

Feb-2023

Role of plastics recycling technologies in the future of the downstream industry.

Needle coke — overcoming quality challenges in a resurgent market

Nov-2022

The quality of needle coke precursors as a function of their origin and/or process is discussed against a backdrop of the drive to enhance quality, purity, ...

Managing fouling in refinery networks

Jul-2015

Modelling heat exchanger and other networks enables the use of dynamic fouling models in performance assessment and predictive studies

Experimental phase balance assessment for duplex stainless steel welded pipe

Jan-2018

This paper discusses the assessment of weld metal ferrite content in duplex stainless steel pipe welded at a 45Ëšangle

Delek brings refineries into synchronised digital maturity

Jul-2020

Since the company was founded in the early 2000s, the business strategy at Delek US Holdings, Inc. has focused on rapid growth through acquisition of downstream ...

Computation of heat conduction in welding of thick wall reactor vessels

Sep-2017

The welding of reactors in refinery is complex due to various phase formation during and after welding. Each phase was unique with success of welding lies ...

Maintenance and reliability for rotating equipment closing the loop

May-2024

Maintenance of rotating equipment is a vast subject that could fill volumes.

CCS from refinery emissions: CO2 purity must be analysed and controlled

Jun-2020

One of the most promising measures to decarbonise refinery operations is carbon capture and storage (CCS) from existing combustion processes, such as process ...

IMO 2020 - Maritime CEMS and refinery changes

May-2020

For several years, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has stipulated low levels of sulphur emissions close to densely populated coastal areas, ...

Hydrogen SMR energy efficiency optimisation

May-2020

Steam methane reformers (SMR) are the most common hydrogen production technique in the oil and gas industry.

Improved hydrogen yield in catalytic reforming

Jan-2013

A process step that sends higher-boiling C6 hydrocarbons to light tops isomerisation delivers an increase in hydrogen production from naphtha catalytic ...

Optimising FCC economics against changing market dynamics

Mar-2023

CO promoters are a frequently overlooked parameter for better control of afterburning, as demonstrated in a case study amidst a changing platinum group ...

Environmental monitoring and management in the downstream oil and gas sector

Apr-2020

Keeping it clean, keeping it green. Ground water, rain water run-off and effluent. Contaminated soil replacement in spillage areas, excavated soil disposal ...

Crude to chemicals: Part 2

Feb-2024

Part 1 covered the basics of crude-to-chemicals. Part 2 explains how hydroprocessing technology can be used to convert any crude to chemicals to maximise ...

Hydrogen — making the move from industrial gas to fuel

May-2020

Our sun creates energy through the fusion reaction of hydrogen to form helium: that’s been going on for millions of years.

Boosting mild hydrocracking performance

Aug-2020

Optimising its mild hydrocracking operations using new catalyst developments enabled a refinery to meet more complex targets for fuel quality.

Steam reforming natural gas containing higher hydrocarbons

Apr-2013

A method is described for estimating reformed gas composition in a primary reformer when the feed is a natural gas containing higher hydrocarbons

Methanol from CO2: a technology and outlook overview

Apr-2023

Optimal capture of CO2 towards methanol production compels development of sustainable renewable solutions like green methanol.

Slug catcher debottleneck protects downstream processing (TIA)

Aug-2020

Effective separation of oil and gas from different impurities in upstream operations is a matter of paramount importance. All downstream activities and ...

Molecular management for refinery-petrochemical complexes

Aug-2020

Designing a digital twin for process simulation of an integrated complex enables enhanced molecular management to deliver higher margin.The future comprises ...

A comparative analysis of vacuum PMT and SiPM

Apr-2025

(White Paper) - Radiometric measurements have become indispensable tools across various industrial applications, serving critical roles as level, density, ...

The strategic value of an industrial data and AI platform

Apr-2025

(White Paper) - For organisations looking to stay competitive, the choice is clear: data must be treated as a critical, strategic asset.

Despite ...

Can pyrolysis oil unlock greater plastic circularity?

Apr-2025

(White Paper) - Combining pyrolysis and vapour-phase catalytic upgrading offers lower temperature and energy requirements, higher yields, and optimised ...

Control points during the lifecycle of precious metal catalysts

Mar-2025

(White Paper) - Key contractual factors can greatly influence metal value returns for precious metals spent catalysts.

More and more petroleum ...